Ulaştırma ve Lojistik Kongreleri

Uzay Turizmi ve Taşımacılık

Yavuz Toraman
Dr., Nişantaşı Üniversitesi, İstanbul, Türkiye

Uzay her zaman insanlığın merakını cezbetmiştir. Teknolojinin gelişimiyle bu merakın giderilmesini sağlayacak ulaşım araçları geliştirilmiştir. İlk etapta yüksek maliyetler nedeniyle devletler nezdinde bilinmezliğin giderilebilmesi için uzayda araştırmalar gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sonraki süreçte uzay endüstrisi gelişmiştir. Belirli bir ekonomik büyüklüğe eriştiğinde ise ticari uzay işletmeleri ürün ve hizmet üreterek sürece dahil olmaya başlamıştır. Ticari uzay işletmeleri hem devletlere 3. Parti lojistik faaliyetleriyle hizmet sunmuş hem de kendi kaynaklarıyla geliştirdiği araçlar ile uzaya yolculuk düzenleyerek turizm faaliyetleriyle hizmet kapsamlarını genişletmişlerdir. Space X’in NASA’nın ISS’e kargo ve mürettebat taşımacılığı için yaptığı hizmet anlaşması en önemli örneğidir. Ayrıca Falcon 9 ve Dragon kapsülüyle ilk kez bir sivil uzay yürüyüşünü gerçekleştirmiştir. Uzay turizmi astronot olmayan kişilere uzayı deneyimleme fırsatı sunmaktadır. Uzay turizmi, uzayın sınırı olarak kabul edilen 80 km’nin üzerinden başlayarak yörünge altı, yörünge, uzay istasyonları, Ay, Mars, Asteroit vb. uzay içerisinde kısa süreli, seyahat etmek, barınmak ve eğlence amaçlı uzay aktivitelerine katılmak olarak tanımlanabilir. Uzay yolculuklarında taşıma aracı olarak roketler, uçaklar, kapsüller ve balonlar kullanılmaktadır. Ticari uzay işletmeleri misyon ve vizyonlarına uygun olarak farklı türdeki taşıma araçlarıyla uzay seyahatlerini gerçekleştirebilmektedir. Literatürdeki araştırmalar da incelendiğinde uzay turizm faaliyetlerinde özellikle hedonik etkilerin yüksek olduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Alanda yapılan araştırmalar gelecekte uzay turizminin market büyüklüğü 1 trilyon ABD dolarını geçeceği beklenti dahilindedir. Uzay araçlarının kullanımına yönelik tutum ve davranışların tespit edilmesi uzay turizminin geleceği açısından önemlidir. Bu durum mevcut araştırmanın ana motivasyonu oluşturmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Uzay Turizmi, Taşımacılık, Lojistik, Uzay Lojistiği

Space Tourism and Transportation

Space has always captivated humanity's curiosity. With the advancement of technology, transportation vehicles have been developed to satisfy this curiosity. Initially, due to high costs, research was conducted in space to eliminate the unknown in the eyes of governments. In the subsequent process, the space industry developed. Once it reached a certain economic scale, commercial space companies began to participate in the process by producing products and services. Commercial space companies have provided services to governments through third-party logistics activities and expanded their service scope by organizing space travel using vehicles developed with their own resources, thereby engaging in tourism activities. SpaceX's service agreement with NASA for cargo and crew transportation to the ISS is the most important example. Additionally, it conducted the first civilian spacewalk using the Falcon 9 and Dragon capsule. Space tourism offers non-astronauts the opportunity to experience space. Space tourism can be defined as short-term space activities such as traveling, staying, and participating in recreational activities in space, starting from 80 km above the Earth's surface, which is considered the boundary of space, including suborbital, orbital, space stations, the Moon, Mars, asteroids, etc. Rockets, aircraft, capsules, and balloons are used as transportation vehicles for space travel. Commercial space companies can carry out space travel using different types of transportation vehicles in line with their mission and vision. When the research in the literature is examined, it is understood that hedonistic effects are particularly high in space tourism activities. Research in the field suggests that the market size of space tourism is expected to exceed 1 trillion US dollars in the future. Identifying attitudes and behaviors toward the use of space vehicles is important for the future of space tourism. This situation forms the main motivation for the current research.Space has always captivated humanity's curiosity. With the advancement of technology, transportation vehicles have been developed to satisfy this curiosity. Initially, due to high costs, research was conducted in space to eliminate the unknown in the eyes of governments. In the subsequent process, the space industry developed. Once it reached a certain economic scale, commercial space companies began to participate in the process by producing products and services. Commercial space companies have provided services to governments through third-party logistics activities and expanded their service scope by organizing space travel using vehicles developed with their own resources, thereby engaging in tourism activities. SpaceX's service agreement with NASA for cargo and crew transportation to the ISS is the most important example. Additionally, it conducted the first civilian spacewalk using the Falcon 9 and Dragon capsule. Space tourism offers non-astronauts the opportunity to experience space. Space tourism can be defined as short-term space activities such as traveling, staying, and participating in recreational activities in space, starting from 80 km above the Earth's surface, which is considered the boundary of space, including suborbital, orbital, space stations, the Moon, Mars, asteroids, etc. Rockets, aircraft, capsules, and balloons are used as transportation vehicles for space travel. Commercial space companies can carry out space travel using different types of transportation vehicles in line with their mission and vision. When the research in the literature is examined, it is understood that hedonistic effects are particularly high in space tourism activities. Research in the field suggests that the market size of space tourism is expected to exceed 1 trillion US dollars in the future. Identifying attitudes and behaviors toward the use of space vehicles is important for the future of space tourism. This situation forms the main motivation for the current research.

Keywords: Logistics, Space Logistics, Space Tourism, Transportation